Manahan - Toxicological Chemistry ...

Manahan - Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, UŻYTKI, LEGALNE NARKOTYKI I NIE TYLKO

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T
OXICOLOGICAL
AND
B
IOCHEMISTRY
THIRD EDITION
Copyright © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
C
HEMISTRY
T
OXICOLOGICAL
AND
B
IOCHEMISTRY
THIRD EDITION
Stanley E. Manahan
LEWIS PUBLISHERS
A CRC Press Company
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Copyright © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
C
HEMISTRY
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Manahan, Stanley E.
Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry / by Stanley E. Manahan.-- 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56670-618-1
1. Toxicological chemistry. 2. Environmental chemistry. 3. Biochemical toxicology. I.
Title.
RA1219.3 .M36 2002
815.9
54--dc21
2002072486
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish
reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials
or for the consequences of their use.
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© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
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No claim to original U.S. Government works
International Standard Book Number 1-56670-618-1
Library of Congress Card Number 2002072486
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
Copyright © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
′
001
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Trademark Notice:
Preface
(1989) was written to bridge the gap between
toxicology and chemistry. It defined toxicological chemistry as the science that deals with the
chemical nature and reactions of toxic substances, their origins and uses, and the chemical aspects
of their exposure, transformation, and elimination by biological systems. It emphasized the chemical
formulas, structures, and reactions of toxic substances. The second edition of
Toxicological Chemistry
Toxicological Chem-
(1992) was significantly enlarged and increased in scope compared to the first edition. In
addition to toxicological chemistry, it addressed the topic of environmental biochemistry, which
pertains to the effects of environmental chemical substances on living systems and the influence
of life-forms on such chemicals. It did so within a framework of environmental chemistry, defined
as that branch of chemistry that deals with the origins, transport, reactions, effects, and fates of
chemical species in the water, the air, and terrestrial and living environments.
The third edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded into areas important to toxicolog-
ical chemistry based upon recent advances in several significant fields. In recognition of the
increased emphasis on the genetic aspects of toxicology, the toxic effects to various body systems,
and xenobiotics analysis, the title has been changed to
.
The new edition has been designed to be useful to a wide spectrum of readers with various interests
and a broad range of backgrounds in chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology. For readers who
have had very little exposure to chemistry,
Chapter 1
, “Chemistry and Organic Chemistry,” outlines
the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry needed to understand the rest of the
material in the book. The er chapter, “Environmental Chemistry,” is an overview of that topic,
presented so that the reader may understand the remainder of the book within a framework of
environmental chemistry.
Chapter 3
, “Biochemistry,” gives the fundamentals of the chemistry of
life processes essential to understanding toxicological chemistry and biochemistry.
Chapter 4
,
“Metabolic Processes,” covers the basic principles of metabolism needed to understand how toxi-
cants interact with organisms.
Chapter 5
, “Environmental Biological Processes and Ecotoxicology,”
is a condensed and updated version of three chapters from the second edition dealing with microbial
processes, biodegradation and bioaccumulation, and biochemical processes that occur in aquatic
and soil environments; the major aspects of ecotoxicology are also included.
Chapter 6
, “Toxicol-
ogy,” defines and explains toxicology as the science of poisons.
Chapter 7
, “Toxicological Chem-
istry,” bridges the gap between toxicology and chemistry, emphasizing chemical aspects of toxi-
cological phenomena, including fates and effects of xenobiotic chemicals in living systems.
Chapter
8
, “Genetic Aspects of Toxicology,” is new; it recognizes the importance of considering the crucial
role of nucleic acids, the basic genetic material of life, in toxicological chemistry. It provides the
foundation for understanding the important ways in which chemical damage to DNA can cause
mutations, cancer, and other toxic effects. It also considers the role of genetics in determining
genetic susceptibilities to various toxicants. Also new is
Chapter 9
, “Toxic Responses,” which
considers toxicities to various systems in the body, such as the endocrine and reproductive systems.
It is important for understanding the specific toxic effects of various toxicants on certain body
organs, as discussed in later chapters.
Chapters 10
to
18
discuss toxicological chemistry within an
organizational structure based on classes of chemical substances, and
Chapter 19
deals with
toxicants from natural sources. Another new addition is
Chapter 20
, “Analysis of Xenobiotics,”
which deals with the determination of toxicants and their metabolites in blood and other biological
materials.
Every effort has been made to retain the basic information and structure that have made the
first two editions of this book popular among and useful to students, faculty, regulatory agency
personnel, people working with industrial hygiene aspects, and any others who need to understand
toxic effects of chemicals from a chemical perspective. The chapters that have been added are
designed to enhance the usefulness of the book and to modernize it in important areas such as
genetics and xenobiotics analysis.
Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry
Copyright © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
The first edition of
istry
This book is designed to be both a textbook and a general reference book. Questions at the end
of each chapter are written to summarize and review the material in the chapter. References are
given for specific points covered in the book, and supplementary references are cited at the end of
each chapter for additional reading about the topics covered.
The assistance of David Packer, Publisher, CRC Press, in developing the third edition of
is gratefully acknowledged. The author would also like
to acknowledge the excellent work of Judith Simon, Project Editor, and the staff of CRC Press in
the production of this book.
Copyright © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry
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