Maddrell and Neal 2012 Sand Dams a ...

Maddrell and Neal 2012 Sand Dams a Practical Guide LR, Environmental protection

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Sand Dams: a Practical Guide
by Simon Maddrell and Ian Neal
Excellent Development
 Copyright
This manual is copyright of Excellent Development Ltd. Commercial use or publication of all or any
part is strictly prohibited without prior written authorisation from Excellent Development. Nothing
contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license by Excellent Development. The
document may only be copied and distributed subject to the Creative Commons License Agreement
below. All photos are by Excellent Development and Africa Sand Dam Foundation and all illustrations
are by Excellent Development unless otherwise stated.
Creative Commons License Agreement
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Disclaimer:
This manual reflects the authors’ best effort to interpret a complex body of research and experience,
and to translate this into practical guidance. Following the guidance provided in this manual does not
assure compliance with any applicable law, rule, regulation or standard.
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Contents
Foreword...................................................................................................................................15
1.
Introduction ......................................................................................................................17
2.
Explanation of Sand Dams ...............................................................................................19
3.
Consideration of Other Water Solutions ...........................................................................34
4.
Application of Sand Dams in New Areas ..........................................................................49
5.
Sand Dam Siting ..............................................................................................................62
6.
Sand Dam Design ............................................................................................................82
7.
Procurement, Logistics and pre construction activities ...................................................114
8.
Sand Dam Construction .................................................................................................118
9.
Maintenance and management of sand dams ................................................................136
10.
Supporting sand dam pilots ............................................................................................142
Appendices .............................................................................................................................144
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Dedication
This manual is dedicated to the memory of Joshua Silu Mukusya (1949 -2011), a true visionary and
one of the original sand dam pioneers. Joshua’s knowledge of sand dams was unrivalled. For over 30
years he worked tirelessly to mobilise hundreds of communities to help themselves out of poverty. He
was the pioneer of sand dams in Ukambani, the traditional home of the Kamba people but his work
didn’t stop there. His mission to find the best solutions to the many challenges faced by the people he
served, led him to trial and champion development initiatives such as terracing, planting trees,
establishing seed banks and farm demonstration plots to name a few. His work and passion for
change transformed the lives of thousands of people, a legacy that will be felt for generations to
come. The technical details contained in this manual are based on the experience and work of Joshua
Silu Mukusya and his son, Andrew Musila Silu. Without the generous sharing of this knowledge, this
manual would not have been possible.
Photo: Joshua Silu Mukusya
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 This manual is published in partnership with ASDF
The Africa Sand Dam Foundation (ASDF) is a registered Kenyan NGO founded in 2010. ASDF works
in rural, dryland areas to empower marginalised communities to sustainably improve environments
and livelihoods for poverty alleviation. They support communities to gain access to local, clean water
for improved food production, health and income. Excellent Development and ASDF have a strategic
partnership based on shared values and philosophy. Together we have committed to community-led
sustainable development and the global promotion of sand dam technology in drylands. It is our
shared vision that will enable sand dams to transform millions of lives.
Excellent Development is a UK registered international development NGO founded in 2002. The
purpose of our work is to: (1) support rural communities in dryland areas to gain access to clean water
and grow enough food to eat and sell; (2) promote sand dam technology as a means of enabling
sustainable development and (3) support organisations to apply and implement sand dam technology.
Since its inception, Excellent has supported the construction of over 400 dams and helped over
220,000 people gain improved access to clean water.
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