MAX712 MAX713

MAX712 MAX713, Elektronika, elementy

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19-0100; Rev 3; 1/97
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
_______________General Description
The MAX712/MAX713 fast charge Nickel Metal Hydride
(NiMH) and Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries from a DC
source at least 1.5V higher than the maximum battery
voltage. 1 to 16 series cells can be charged at rates up
to 4C. A voltage-slope detecting analog-to-digital convert-
er, timer, and temperature window comparator determine
charge completion. The MAX712/MAX713 are powered
by the DC source via an on-board +5V shunt regulator.
They draw a maximum of 5
m
A from the battery when not
charging. A low-side current-sense resistor allows the
battery charge current to be regulated while still
supplying power to the battery’s load.
The MAX712 terminates fast charge by detecting zero
voltage slope, while the MAX713 uses a negative
voltage-slope detection scheme. Both parts come in 16-
pin DIP and SO packages. An external power PNP tran-
sistor, blocking diode, three resistors, and three
capacitors are the only required external components.
For high-power charging requirements, the MAX712/
MAX713 can be configured as a switch-mode battery
charger that minimizes power dissipation. Two evaluation
kits are available: Order the MAX712EVKIT-DIP for quick
evaluation of the linear charger, and the MAX713EVKIT-
SO to evaluate the switch-mode charger.
________________________Applications
Battery-Powered Equipment
Laptop, Notebook, and Palmtop Computers
Handy-Terminals
Cellular Phones
Portable Consumer Products
Portable Stereos
Cordless Phones
____________________________Features
©
Fast Charge NiMH or NiCd Batteries
©
Voltage Slope, Temperature, and Timer
Fast-Charge Cutoff
©
Charge 1 to 16 Series Cells
©
Supply Battery’s Load while Charging (Linear Mode)
©
Fast Charge from C/4 to 4C Rate
©
C/16 Trickle-Charge Rate
©
Automatically Switch from Fast to Trickle Charge
©
Linear or Switch-Mode Power Control
©
5µA Max Drain on Battery when Not Charging
©
5V Shunt Regulator Powers External Logic
______________Ordering Information
PART
MAX712
CPE
MAX712CSE
MAX712C/D
TEMP. RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
16 Plastic DIP
16 Narrow SO
Dice*
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
MAX712EPE
MAX712ESE
MAX712MJE
-40°C to +85°C
16 Plastic DIP
16 Narrow SO
16 CERDIP**
-40°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.
*Contact factory for dice specifications.
**Contact factory for availability and processing to MIL-STD-883.
__________Typical Operating Circuit
Q1
2N6109
DC IN
R2
150
W
C4
R1
0.01
m
F
__________________Pin Configuration
DRV
THI
D1
1N4001
WALL
CUBE
V+
TOP VIEW
C1
1
VLIMIT
BATT+
VLIMIT
1
16
REF
F
m
REF
BATT+
2
15
14
V+
DRV
C3
1
0
m
F
R3
68k
MAX712
MAX713
BATTERY
PGM0
PGM1
3
4
W
MAX712
MAX713
13
GND
BATT-
TEMP
LOAD
THI
TLO
5
12
11
10
R4
22k
10
m
F
CC
BATT- TLO GND
W
CC
6
7
TEMP
PGM3
PGM2
C2
0.01
m
F
R
SENSE
FASTCHG
8
9
DIP/SO
SEE FIGURE 19 FOR SWITCH-MODE CHARGER CIRCUIT.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
 NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
V+ to BATT- .................................................................-0.3V, +7V
BATT- to GND ........................................................................±1V
BATT+ to BATT-
Power Not Applied............................................................±20V
With Power Applied ................................The higher of ±20V or
±2V x (programmed cells)
DRV to GND ..............................................................-0.3V, +20V
FASTCHG to BATT- ...................................................-0.3V, +12V
All Other Pins to GND......................................-0.3V, (V+ + 0.3V)
V+ Current.........................................................................100mA
DRV Current. .....................................................................100mA
REF Current.........................................................................10mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C............842mW
Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C .............696mW
CERDIP (derate 10.00mW/°C above +70°C ................800mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX71_C_E .......................................................0°C to +70°C
MAX71_E_E .................................................... -40°C to +85°C
MAX71_MJE ................................................. -55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(I
V+
= 10mA, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Refer to Typical Operating Circuit. All measurements are with respect to
BATT-, not GND.)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
V+ Voltage
5mA < I
V+
< 20mA
4.5
5.5
V
I
V+
(Note 1)
5
mA
BATT+ Leakage
V+ = 0V, BATT+ = 17V
5
µA
BATT+ Resistance with Power On
PGM0 = PGM1 = BATT-, BATT+ = 30V
30
k
½
C1 Capacitance
0.5
µF
C2 Capacitance
5
nF
REF Voltage
0mA < I
REF
< 1mA
1.96
2.04
V
Undervoltage Lockout
Per cell
0.35
0.50
V
External VLIMIT Input Range
1.25
2.50
V
THI, TLO, TEMP Input Range
0
2
V
THI, TLO Offset Voltage (Note 2)
0V < TEMP < 2V, TEMP voltage rising
-10
10
mV
THI, TLO, TEMP, VLIMIT Input Bias Current
-1
1
µA
1.2V < V
LIMIT
< 2.5V, 5mA < I
DRV
< 20mA,
PGM0 = PGM1 = V+
VLIMIT Accuracy
-30
30
mV
Internal Cell Voltage Limit
V
LIMIT
= V+
1.6
1.65
1.7
V
Fast-Charge VSENSE
225
250
275
mV
PGM3 = V+
1.5
3.9
7.0
PGM3 = open
4.5
7.8
12.0
Trickle-Charge VSENSE
mV
PGM3 = REF
12.0
15.6
20.0
PGM3 = BATT-
26.0
31.3
38.0
MAX713
-2.5
mV/t
A
per cell
Voltage-Slope Sensitivity (Note 3)
MAX712
0
Timer Accuracy
-15
15
%
Battery-Voltage to Cell-Voltage
Divider Accuracy
-1.5
1.5
%
DRV Sink Current
V
DRV
= 10V
30
mA
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(I
V
+ = 10mA, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Refer to Typical Operating Circuit. All measurements are with respect to
BATT-, not GND.)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
FASTCHG Low Current
V
FASTCHG
= 0.4V
2
mA
V
FASTCHG
= 10V
10
µA
FASTCHG High Current
A/D Input Range (Note 4)
Battery voltage ÷ number of cells programmed
1.4
1.9
V
Note 1:
The MAX712/MAX713 are powered from the V+ pin. Since V+ shunt regulates to +5V, R1 must be small enough to allow at
least 5mA of current into the V+ pin.
Note 2:
Offset voltage of THI and TLO comparators referred to TEMP.
Note 3:
t
A
is the A/D sampling interval (Table 3).
Note 4:
This specification can be violated when attempting to charge more or fewer cells than the number programmed. To ensure
proper voltage-slope fast-charge termination, the (maximum battery voltage) ÷ (number of cells programmed) must fall
within the A/D input range.
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER
FREQUENCY RESPONSE (with 15pF)
CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER
FREQUENCY RESPONSE (with 10nF)
20
40
20
40
C2 = 15
pF
FASTCHG = 0V
C2 = 1
0nF
FASTCHG = 0V
10
0
10
0
A
V
A
V
F
0
-40
0
-40
F
BATT-
CC
-10
-80
-10
-80
CURRENT-
SENSE
AMP
+
+
V
IN
V
OUT
-
-
GND
BATT-
-120
-20
-20
-120
100k
1k
10k
1M
10M
10
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
CURRENT ERROR-AMPLIFIER
TRANSCONDUCTANCE
ALPHA THERMISTOR PART No. 13A1002
STEINHART-HART INTERPOLATION
SHUNT-REGULATOR VOLTAGE
vs. CURRENT
100
5.8
1.6
35
FASTCHG = 0V, V+ = 5V
DRV NOT SINKING CURRENT
5.6
1.4
30
5.4
1.2
25
10
5.2
5.0
1.0
20
DRV SINKING CURRENT
4.8
0.8
15
1
4.6
0.6
10
4.4
4.2
0.4
5
0.1
1.95
0.2
0
4.0
1.97
1.99
2.01
2.03
2.05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
VOLTAGE ON CC PIN (V)
BATTERY TEMPERATURE(
°
C)
CURRENT INTO V+ PIN (mA)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
 NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX713
NiMH BATTERY-CHARGING
CHARACTERISTICS AT C RATE
MAX713
NiCd BATTERY-CHARGING
CHARACTERISTICS AT C RATE
1.60
1.55
40
40
1.55
1.50
D
V
D
D
V
D
t
CUTOFF
35
35
V
V
t
CUTOFF
1.50
1.45
30
30
T
T
1.45
25
1.40
25
0
30
60
90
0
30
60
90
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)
MAX713
NiMH BATTERY-CHARGING
CHARACTERISTICS AT C/2 RATE
MAX713
NiCd BATTERY-CHARGING
CHARACTERISTICS AT C/2 RATE
D
V
D
1.55
40
D
V
D
t
CUTOFF
t
CUTOFF
1.50
35
1.50
35
V
1.45
V
30
1.45
30
T
T
1.40
25
1.40
25
0
50
100
150
0
50
100
150
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)
MAX713
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS OF A
FULLY CHARGED NiMH BATTERY
MAX713
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS OF A
FULLY CHARGED NiMH BATTERY
1.65
1.65
5-MINUTE REST
BETWEEN CHARGES
V
V
1.60
40
1.60
40
D
V
D
V
D
D
t
CUTOFF
t
CUTOFF
1.55
35
1.55
35
5-HOUR REST
BETWEEN CHARGES
1.50
30
1.50
30
T
T
25
25
1.45
1.45
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
Sets the maximum cell voltage. The battery terminal voltage (BATT+ - BATT-) will not exceed VLIMIT x
(number of cells). Do not allow VLIMIT to exceed 2.5V. Tie VLIMIT to VREF for normal operation.
1
VLIMIT
2
BATT+
Positive terminal of battery
PGM0 and PGM1 set the number of series cells to be charged. The number of cells can be set from
1 to 16 by connecting PGM0 and PGM1 to any of V+, REF, or BATT-, or by leaving the pin open (Table
2). For cell counts greater than 11, see the Linear-Mode, High Series Cell Countsection. Charging more
or fewer cells than the number programmed may inhibit
PGM0,
PGM1
3, 4
Æ
V fast-charge termination.
5
THI
Trip point for the over-temperature comparator. If the voltage-on TEMP rises above THI, fast charge ends.
Trip point for the under-temperature comparator. If the MAX712/MAX713 power on with the voltage-on
TEMP less than TLO, fast charge is inhibited and will not start until TEMP rises above TLO.
6
TLO
7
TEMP
Sense input for temperature-dependent voltage from thermistors.
Open-drain, fast-charge status output. While the MAX712/MAX713 fast charge the battery, FASTCHG
sinks current. When charge ends and trickle charge begins, FASTCHG stops sinking current.
8
FASTCHG
PGM2 and PGM3 set the maximum time allowed for fast charging. Timeouts from 33 minutes to 264
minutes can be set by connecting to any of V+, REF, or BATT-, or by leaving the pin open (Table 3).
PGM3 also sets the fast-charge to trickle-charge current ratio (Table 5).
PGM2,
PGM3
9, 10
11
CC
Compensation input for constant current regulation loop
12
BATT-
Negative terminal of battery
13
GND
System ground. The resistor placed between BATT- and GND monitors the current into the battery.
14
DRV
Current sink for driving the external PNP current source
Shunt regulator. The voltage on V+ is regulated to +5V with respect to BATT-, and the shunt current
powers the MAX712/MAX713.
15
V+
16
REF
2V reference output
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
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